Power mechanism



POWER MECHANISM Filed Feb. 7, 1939 4 sheetssheet 1 e, wam/kyo vHE/vevEAA/yf Jan. 12 1943. H. BAADE POWER MECHANISM 'Filed Feb. 7, 19394 SheeiS-Sheet 2 y RHR Jan. l2, 1943. H BAADE 2,307,910

Pownn MECHANISM I Fi-led Feb. v, 193s 4 sheets-sheet 3 /ff/Ygy EAA DEJan. 12, 1943. H, BAADE 2,307,910

POWER MECHANISM Filed Feb. 7, 19:59 4 sheets-sheet 4 .Paten-ted Jan. l2,1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE POWEB'MECHANISM Henry Bande, Detroit,Mich., alsixnorto Automatic Shifters, Inc.. Richmond, Va., a corpora.

tion of Ap'pueaiion reti-um '1, issu. sei-iai Nq. '255.124

yschuin.v (ci. isi-4i), i"

This invention relates to manually controlled power mechanisms. and moreparticularly to a diierential fluid pressure operated mechanism havingmanual means for controlling the power mechanism through a suitablevfollow--up device.

' In the operation of various forms of mechanical devices it isfrequently necessary or desirable .tered' by" the pressure movable`member as the area or the latter which is uniized'for providingresistance in the manually movable member-bears to the area of thepressure`.xnovable member as to provide power means for actuating amovable l' element thereof. In some such mechanical dea whole. v, y

A further object is to provide a mechanism of this character whichoperates in conjunction with a follow-up mechanism whereby the pressuremovable' member ofthe power mechanism partakes of movement to a degreeproportional vto movement imparted to the manually operable Morespecifically. an important obiect of the invention is to provide amechanism of the character referred to wherein the power mechanism isoperated by differential fluid pressure which is vcontrolled by`afollow-up valve mechanism mechanisms, however, frequently fail to com'pletely satisfy requirements by'ffailing to-providex in the manuallyoperable control vmember a "feel which is proportionate to theresistance encountered by the power mechanism in actuating thev memberconnected to be moved thereby.

Attempts have been made to overcome this objection in mechanisms whichare not wholly satisfactory since they are .inherently vincapable ofduplicating in the manually operable control member a resistance whichis accurately proportionate tothe resistance encountered by thepowermechanism. The failure of mechanisms of this character to provide thedesired results is due to various causes, such as the necessary use ofsprings for returning parts to normal position.`

pressure, etc. Y

f An 'important objectV of the. present invention is to provide asimple-form of power mechanism the necessity for unseating poppet valvesagainst having a pressure movable element connected toA apply forcewherever desired and wherein a portion of the pressure movable memberis.employed for resisting movement of the manually operable connectedbetween the manuallyoperablefmember and the pressure movable member ofthe hpower mechanism and wherein the pressure movable member embodiestherein means directly connected to resist movement of the control valveaway from its normalor neutral'position by the manuallyoperable member.to a `degree propor tional toditferential pressures. existing in thepower'mechanism and wherein these pressures are directly proportional toresistances encountered in moving the member to be actuated.

A further object is to 'provide a mechanism of' I the character referredto wherein the' power mechanism comprises a l fluid pressure motorformed of a pair of casing sections having a pressure movable diaphragmarranged with its edges clamped Vbetween 'the casing section, and toutilize movement of the diaphragm as a whole to actuate an element'to bemoved and to utilize l aportion of the areaof the diaphragm in resist- 4will become apparent. during the member whereby the latter will beprovided with resistance which is'proportionalto the resistanceencountered by the pressure movable member in performing its intendedfunction. e

`A further object'isto provider a mechanism of this 4character whereinythe use. of a; portion 'of the pressure responsive' member for thepurpose indicatedaccuratelv resists movement oi the manually operablememberftoa degree which lng movement of the manually operable handlev toa.degre`e,proportional to differential pressures in' the motor casingsections.

Other objects and advantages of the invention. A course of the followingdescription. fi w l I In the drawings I haveshown several embodiments ofthe invention. In'this showing:

v Figure l "is/jr side elevation of one form of lapparatusshowingv itsconnection to a' manually operable control handle, a portion of the rodconnected to the handle being broken away. Figure 2 is an enlargedcentrl vertical longi-` tudinal sectional view through the`power mecha'anism and associated elements.- parts being l shown in elevation,

more a ist4 nenn .perspective viewer the bearsthesa'me ratio.toftheresistance encoun- 55 controlvalve, A

Figure 4 is a plan view of the power mechanism and associated elements,parts being shown in section, v

Figure 5 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional view on line 5-5of Figure 4,

Figure 6 isRa transverse sectional view on line 6-6 of Figure 4,

Figure '7 is a similar view on line of Figure 4,

Figure 8 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional view similar toFigure 2 showing a modified form of apparatus, parts being shown inelevation,

Figure 9 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken substantially online 9-9 of Figure 8,

Figure l is a similar view on line il-iii of Figure 8,

Figure 11 is a central vertical longitudinal seo tional view through afurther modied form of the invention, parts being shown in elevation andparts being broken away,

Figure 12 is a transverse vertical sectional view on line |2|2 of Figure1l, parts being broken away,

Figure 13 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional view on line |3|3of Figure l1, and,

Figure 14 is a detail perspective view of a valve unit.

Referring to Figure l the numeral i9 designates a dierential iiuidpressure motor comprising casing sections ,ii and |2the latter of whichmay be provided with an eye le by means o which the motor may be mountedfor swinging movement for a purpose which will become apparent. Thecasing sections il and i2 are shaped as shown in Figure 2 with theiredges provided with outstanding annular anges I4 between which isclamped the peripheral portion or a diaphragm by bolts i9 or otherfastening elements.

A pair of plates and l5 are secured against opposite sides of thediaphragm i5 axially with respect to the casing sections i and |2,. theplates I1 and I8 being cupped centrally thereof to provide chambers i9and 29 for a purpose to be described. For economy in manufacture, theplates I1 and I8 are'duplicates of each other and each is provided withan axial opening 2 l, for a purpose to be described, and with anotheropening 22 whereby each chamber i9 and 2li is maintained incommunication with the interior of the corresponding motor casingsection in order that the central portion of the diaphragm will beinfluenced by pressures existing in opposite ends ofthe motor.

The diaphragm I5 may be formed oi any suitablematerial such as leatheror rubber and is preferably formed of a rubber or other similarcomposition which permits the central portion 23 of the diaphragm to bemade thinner than the portions arranged radially outwardly of the platesand I8. In this connection it will become apparent that the latterportions of the diaphragm are preferably relatively heavy since they arecalled upon to effect movement of the piston rod to be described,whereas the central Vwelded in position. As previously indicated.

aso'aeio both of the plates i1 and I8 are provided with the openings 2|in order that either may be connected to the piston rod. As shown inFigures 2 and 5 a casting 25 is mounted against the casing section i!axially thereof and is provided with a bearing 26 through which thepiston rod 24 extends and is adapted to reciprocate'. A pressure sealingring 2`| may be arranged ln one end of the bearing 26 as shown in Figure2. The casting 25 also houses the valve mechanism, to be described, forcontrolling the motor l0.

A crosshead indicated as a whole by the numeral 28 is preferably formedas an integral die casting and has a lower vertical extension 29 inwhich the free end of the piston rod 24 is threaded. The crosshead 28further includes a pair of spaced side walls 3|! and 3| (Figures 6 and7) at the top of which is provided an integral cross member 32. A stem33 is threaded into this cross member and is provided with a jamb nut34. The other end of the stem 33 is formed as a yoke 35 for pivotalconnection as at 3B to a crank arm 31. This crank arm is shown asbeingsecured to a shaft 38 which is the element of the mechanism to beoperated by the motor I0.

Spaced from the cross member 32 and in horizontal alignment therewith,the crosshead 28 is provided with a second cross member 39 in which isarranged a bearing sleeve 4B. A rod 4| is axially slidable in thebearing 49 as shown in Figure 2. The end nf the rod 4| between the crossmembers 32 and 39 is provided with a head 42 through which movement isimparted to the valve mechanism (to be described) for controlling themotor i0. The other end of the rod 4| is pivotally connected as at 43 toone end of a link dit. The other end of the rod 44 is pivotallyconnected as at 45 to the lower end of a lever 45. This lever ispivotally supported intermediate its ends as at 4l and has its upper endprovided with a knob 48 adapted to be grasped by the hand o theoperator. It will become apparent that the lever 46 constitutes themanually operable member of the apparatus. The rod 44 may be made ot anydesired length in order that the lever 45 may be arranged ata convenientpoint for manual operation.

A lever 49 is pivotally connected to the crosshead wail 30 as at 5|) andthe upper end of the lever i9 is oset as shown in Figure 'i andtermirswing' the lever 49 on its pivot 59. This movement ofthe lever 49is employed for actuating the valve mechanism to be described.v

Referring to Figure 7 the lnumeral 53 designates a pin extending acrossand through the crosshead walls 30 and 3| and provided intermediate itsends with a reduced portion 54 extending through a head 55 having anopening 56 therethrough somewhat larger than the reduced portion 540ithe pin. The head 55 is grooved as at 51 to receive a fork 58 formed onthelower end of the lever 49. A pair of cylindrical blocks 59 arearranged on the pin 53 between the head 55 and the crosshead walls 3|)and 3|. It will be apparent that the lever 49 is adapted yto swing onits pivot 50 within limits defined by-the di!- ferencebetween thediameter of the reduced pinr portion 54 and the diameter of the opening56. The head 55 is preferably integral with a projecting shank 60,slidable in thefadjacent end of the piston rod 24, and a stem 6| isthreaded at one end in the shank 6,0 and is fixed at its This collar isprovided with other end to the diaphragm portion 28, as shown in Figure2.

A valve operating stem 62 is mounted to rock in bearings 63 and 64formedrespectively in the crosshead 28 and casting 25. The end of thestem 62 within the crosshead 28 is preferably squared as at 65 (Figures6 and 7i for reception in a similarly shaped opening in a collar,66.

a horizontally extending arm 61 the end of which is arranged withinforked ends 68 formed on a third arm 69 of the lever 49. Accordinglyrocking movement of the lever 49 swings the arm 69 of this lever in avertical plane to rock the stem 62 on itsaxis. A longitudinallyexpansible and contractibleboot 08' is connected between the bearing 25and head 29, while a rubber or similar boot 68' covers the crosshead 28.Accordingly it will be apparent that all of the externally o1' the motorI0 are dust and other foreign material.

Refen'ing to Figure 5 the casting 25 is provided with a vertical valvesleeve 10 in which a valve 1| is mounted to reciprocate. This valve isproprotected from vided with anvaxial passage 12 therethrough and thewall of the valve adjacent its upper end is provided with an opening. 13(Figures-2 and 5) to receive the end of an arm 14 carried by a collar 15fixed to the stem 62. Accordingly rocking movement of the stem 62 willeffect axial sliding movement of the valve 1 The valve 1| is providedwith a pair of spaced lands 16 and 11 controlling ports 18 and 18respectively, these ports being formed in the valve sleeve 10. When thevalve is in the normal posi- .tion shown in Figure 5, the reduced upperend of the valve 1I affords limited communication between the port 18and the interior of the upper end of the valve `sleeve 10, while thelower port 19 is in limited communication with the same space throughthe axial opening 12 formed in the valve. The space above the valvecommunicat'es through an opening 80 formed in the valve sleeve with achamber 8| formed in the casting 25, the ann 14 being arranged in thischamber and engaging the valve through the opening 80. 'I'he chamber 8|communicates with the atmosphere through a pipe 82, and if desired, thispipe may be provided with any suitable form of air cleaner (not shown).Accordingly it willbe apparent that when the valve vis in the normalposition shown in Figure 5, both ports 18 and 18 are in reducedcommunication with the atmosphere. l

The space between the lands 16 and 11 is in constant communication witha port 83 formed in the valve sleeve 10, and this port communicatesthrough a port 84 inthe casting 25 with a passage 85 leading to a pipe86 (Figure 4) which is connected by any suitable means to a `source ofpartial vacuum. Thus upon axial movement of the valve 1| in eitherdirection, one of the ports 18 or 19 will be connected to the source ofvvacuum while the other port will remain in communication with theatmosphere.

The port 19 in the valve sleeve -communicates` with a passage 81 formedn the casting 25 and working parts of the mechanism- A somewhat modifiedform of the invention is shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10 wherein the ,sametype of motor is employed except that the 1 valve mechanism is housedcompletely within the with the 'ports I|5 and |I6 respectively, the endsof the motor. Referring to Figure 8 the numeral 95 designates the fluidpressure motor as a whole comprising casing sections 96 and 91,k thelatter of which may be a stamping and may be provided with an eye 98through which the motor may be Asupported for swinging movement.

The casing section 98 may be formed as a cast- -ing and may be integralwith the piston rod bearing 99. The adjacent edges of the casingsections 86 and 91 are formed with outstanding peripheral flanges |00between which is clamped the peripheral portion of a diaphragm |0|similar to the diaphragm l5 previously described and preferably providedwith a relatively thin central portion |02. Instead of the plates l1 and|8 previously described, the diaphragm |0| is provided on opposite sidesthereof with a casting |03 and a plate |04 clamped against 'oppositesides of the diaphragm, the plate |04 being cup shaped to provide achamber |05 communicating with the interior of the casing section 91through an opening |06. The plate |04 is provided with an oilset portionproviding a passage |01 communicating with an opening |08 formed in thediaphragm |0| for a purpose to be described.

The casting |03 is provided with an axial opening I 09 to receive atubular connecting rod ||0 which may be made fast to the casting I 03 inany suitable manner. The casting |03 is provided with an enlargement Iprojecting away from the diaphragm |0| -and 4elongated vertically 'asshown in Figures 9 and 10. The upper portion of this enlargement isprovided with a pair of passages ||2 and H3, the former of whichcommunicates with the opening |08 in the diaphragm and the latter ofwhich communicates with a recess I4 formed in the casting |03. Therecess ||4 communicates with the interior of section and 9).

86 through an opening ||4 (Figures 8 The passages ||2 and 3 communicateinterior oi.' the.valve stem |0| through passages 2 and 3 adjacent theports ||5 and III preferably being annular and surrounding theconnecting` rod `||0 whereby several of. the ports ||5 and ||8 may beemployed.

VA valve ||1 is threaded on the adjacent end of'a stem 8 to be movedthereby in a manner to be describedl the valve being slidable in theconnecting rod ||0 as shown in Figure 8. The valve is provided with anaxial opening I9 closed at one end by a screw |20 through which thecentral portion of the diaphragm |0| is secured to the valve. Thev valveis provided with a pair of spaced lands 12| and |22 controlling theports ||5 and ||8 anda space between the lands communicates with avacuum passage |23 leading to a chamber |24 (Figure 10) to be referredto later.

a pipe 88 has one vend connected to the passage y cates with a passage9| formed in the casting 25 and communicating with the interior ofthecasing section Ii through a suitable port 82.

The valve H1 is provided adjacent the respective lands |2| and |22 withports |25 and |26 which arel normally in slight communication with ltheport's H5 and ||6 admitting air thereto when the valve is in the normalposition shown in Figure 8. Air is always admitted into the outer end ofthe connecting rod ||0 through ports |21 formed in the connecting rodoutwardly of the bearing 89 in a manner to be described.

. As shown in Figure 10, the enlargement of the casting |03 is providedwith a curved nipple m communicating with thetchamber |24. This 'nippleis connected to one end of a flexible convothe casing 4 mue nose |29. Asshown mrigure o. the other ena of this hose is engaged with one end of anipple |30, which is arranged substantially tangentially with respect tothe hose |29. The nipple |30 extends through a thickened portion |3| ofthe casing section 96 and projects therebeyond for connection with asuitable pipe leading to a source of vacuum.

A head |32 is threaded on the free end of the .connectingwl rod |0 andis provided with a pair of extended parallel arms |33 connected by a pin.|34..' Arubber or similar boot |35`is connected between'the head |32and the bearing 89Mand is longitudinally' expansible and contractible'to permit axial movement of the connecting rod ||0. The boot |35obviously closes communication between the ports |21 and the outsideatmosphere and this is desirable to prevent the entrance of dust orother foreign material into the 'valve mechanism. The bearing 99 isprovided with a passage |38 communicating with a transverse port |31which ispreferably connected to a suitable air cleaner (not shown) tolter the air passing into the valve mechanism.

` The valve actuating rod ||8 (Figure 8) has its outer end threaded in ahead |38 which is axially slidable in the adjacent end of the connectingrod |I0. The head |38 is provided at its end with a circular portion |39in which is formed a slot |40 through which the pin |34 extends, the uslot beingelongated longitudinally 0f the connecting rod ||0 to permitfree relative sliding movement of the connecting rod and stem H6 withrespect to each other within limits to be referred to later.

A crosshead indicated as a Whole by the numeral |4| is provided with apair of depending arms |42 to which the ends.of the pin |34 areconnectedl whereby the crosshead is movable with and by the connectingrod H0. The crosshead l4l'i'ncludes a` block 43 in which is threaded astem |44 held in fixed position by a jamb nut |45. The stem |44 ispivotally connected at its.

en d las at |46 to a. crank arm |41, similar to the crank arm 31Apreviously described, and connected toa shaft |48which is the mechanicalelement to be actuated by the present mechanism.

'I'he crosshead I4| includes a second head |49 carrying a bearing sleeve|50 in which the stem |5| isaxially slidable. This stem corresponds tothe stem 4| (Figures l and 2) and is intended to be manually operated asin the -torm of the invention previously described. The stem |5| carriesa head |52 having a pin |53 engageable in the forked upper end |54 of alever |55. This lever is pivotally connectedas at |56 to vone of thecrosshead arms '|42 and is forked at its lower end as at 51 to receivethe circular end |39 of the head |36. Accordingly it will be apparentthat sliding movement of the stem |5| will rock the lever and thusimpart axial movement to the valve operating stern ||8 'to move ,thevalve in either direction from the neutral position shown in Figure 8. Aboot |58 preferably is connected to the head|32 and blocks |43 and |49to cover the operating elements associated4 therewith.

In Figures 1l to 14 inclusive the invention is a whole comprising acylinder |6| having an integral head |62 at one end and a detachablehead |63 at the other end. A piston indicated as a whole by the numeral|64 .is mounted to reciprocate in the cylinder and is connected to atubular piston rod |66 reciprocable in a bearing |66 carried by thecylinder head |63.

The piston |64 comprises a pair of oppositely turned cups |61 urgedtoward eachother by resilient plates |68 the peripheral edges of whichturn toward each other as shown inr Figure 11 for clamping engagementwith the cups |61. Each plate |68 is provided with a circumferentiallyelongated opening |69. The radially inner portions of the plates |68 aresecured tothe plston rod |65 .by clamping nuts |10.

Two plates |1| are arranged between the parallel flangesv o'f the cups|61 and are provided with openings |12 coinciding with and correspondingin shape to the openings |69. A diaphragm |13 is clamped Ibetweenthe-plates |1| as shown in Figure 11. The peripheral edges of the plates|68 serve to clamp the inner anges of the cups |61. against the plates|1I and vto clamp the latter plates against the diaphragm |13. The outeranges of the cups |61 are maintained in snug engagement with the innerface of the cylinder |6| .by compressible packing rings |14 urgedoutwardly! by springs |15 arranged in the cupped peripheral portions |16of plates |11, the radially inner portions of these plates being clampedagainst the adjacent plates |68 by the nuts |10.

ment of the manually operable mechanism in accordance with differentialpressures in the motor, as will become apparent. |19 are clamped againstopposite sides of the diaphragm within each opening |18, the plates |19corresponding generally in shape to but being smaller than :the openings|18 as shown in Figure 12. An operating stem |80 is connected at one endto each pair of .plates |19 centrally thereof and the other end of eachstem |80 is pivotally connected as at |8| to alever |82. Both levers |82have their inner ends pivotally connected as at |83 to a yoke |84carried by a valve member indicated as a whole by the numeral |85.

The end of the piston rod` |65 adjacent the levers |82 is provided witha collar |86 threaded thereon and provided in opposite sides withopenings |81 through which the levers |82 extend, the

`piston rod |65obviously being provided with similar but larger openingsfor the levers |62. The surfaces of the openings |81 adjacent the'edgesof the levers |82 are curved as shown in Figure 11 to permit the leversto rock thereagainst.

' The-levers |82 and stems |80 serve to connect the illustrated asVapplied to a piston-type motor wherein a portion of the piston isutilized to provide the reaction through .which manual operation of thevalve mechanism is resisted in accordance with iluid pressures existingin the ends of the motor. Referring to Figure. ll the numeral |60designates 1a fluid pressure motor as 4 uncovered portions of thediaphragm |13 to the valve |85 whereby movement of the valve |85 will beproperly resisted.

The valve member |85 is provided with a pair of lands |68 and |89, asshown in Figure 14, and the valve member between these lands is providedwith a radial port communicating with the adjacent end of a pipe ISI fora plu'- A pair of arcuate plates pose io'bo desoribe'dn Adjacent 'me unam.- the valve member is provided with an annulargroove |92 and thisgroove communicates' with the space aroundthe pipe III, at the oppositeend of. the. valve member,l through a port les. The lands m and .m'respectively control ports |94 and Ill which communicate with themotorcylinder on opposite sides of Ithe piston. In the embodiment of theinvention illustrated the distance between the landsfland |09 isslightly greater than the distance between the closest limits ot theports |94 and |99 and accordingly when the valve |90 is in the neutralposition shownin .Figure 11 both ends of the motor cylinder communicatewitlp the pipe- |9| Sincethis pipe is connected to a Vsource ot vacuum,in a manner-to be described, it will be apparent that when the valve |99is in neutral. f position air is exhausted from both ends ot they motorcylinder.

A head |99 is threaded on the outer end o! shown in murei to .vinclusive is oslroiiows:

When itis desired to effect swinging movenent or the snort u in aclockwise direction the operator will move the handle 4 9 towardtleright as viewed in Figure 1. This operation pulls the, rod44 toward thelett as viewed in Finire l," thus turningthe lever 49 in acounter-clockwise direction to move the lever arm I9 upwardly.

Referring t0 Figures 6 and 'Tit will behpplent that this actionv movesthe arm 01 upwardly to.

turn the shaft in a lclockwise direction, thus imparting similar.movement to the arm 14 (Figure 5) to move the valve 1| upwardly.

Under such conditions the lower end of the valve will uncover the port19 to a greater extent towthe atmosphere through the valve passage n,

chamber 0| and atmospheric pipe I2. Aty the Sametime the upper land 1|will close the port `19 to the atmosphere around the upper end ot thevalve 1| and will open the port 19 to the vacuum -space between thelands ll'and 11. this space communicating with the source or' vacuumthrough passage I5. Accordingly the passage 9| 20| is reciprocable andis connected to the outer 4 endo! the pipe |9i. The vhead 20| isprovided intermediateits ends with an annular groove' 202 anda'di'ametrical port 209) extends through the intermediate portionoiithegroove 292 for communication with pipe |9|.

z The piston rod |05 is providedintermediate (Figure 5) and port 92v(llig'ures 4'and 5) will be connected to the source o! partial vacuum toexhaust air lfrom the lett hand e'nd oi the motor "as viewed in Figuresl, 2 and 4.- Accordlnsly the diaphragm llwill start to move to 4thelei't as viewed inFigure2.

the adjacent end ot the' the ends of the head |99 witha port 204communicatingwith the `groove 202. The head 20| obviously moves with thevalve |08 but the groove 202 is amplev in length to communicate at all'times with the port 204. A nipple 205 is connected to the head |98 andcommunicates with the'port 204. and alilexible hose`200 is connectedbetween the nipple 205 and a' suitable source of vacuum. The flexibilityoi the hose 200 permits the head |99 and 'associated elements to move vupon actuation of` the motor piston.

Movement of thediaphragm Il will be com# municated through theconnecting rod 24 to the crosshead 2| and thence to thecrankl to turnthe shaft in a clockwise direction. As previously stated. the rod 4|will have been moved toward the left to turnthe'valve operating lever 49in a counterclock'wise direction. Upon movement oi `the diaphragm Il andconnecting rod 24 to the leit the crossheadv 29' will move to trans mitsimilar movement to the. pivot 90 oi the lcrank -49 and accordingly thiscrank will move in the same direction .that movement is being impartedtothe pin 92 by Lmanual operation or the rod 4|. Accordingly the valvellwill `be moved A longitudinally expansible and contractible `boot 201 isconnected at one endto the head |90 and at its other end to a sleeve 209which?A ilts over and is secured-to the bearing |09. The

iso

boot 201 permits free-h sliding movement of 'the piston rod |99 in thebearing |09. "Between the bearing and lthe head |90 the piston rod I isprovided with atmospheric openings 299 which are .closed to directcommunication with the atmosphere by the boot 201. The space within inthe manner described to one-side'oi its neutral posltionand will remainout oi neutral position to continue operation oi the lmotor so long asmovement ot the rod 4 |is continued by the operator. It the operatorstops movement oi the rod 4| the pivot pin l2 immediately becomes statioxvlfA Y ary, whereupon a slightfadditional movement of thediaphragm, transmitted to the lever 49 through the pin 99, will' causethe lever 49fto turn Ain a counter-clockwise ldirection about thepin $2.Thusthe lever arm 99 will reverse the this boot, however communicateswith a passage '2|0 formed inthe sleeve 209 and this passagecommunicates through a pipe 2li with a suitable air cleaner 2|2 wherebyonly filtered air is ad'- mitted through the ports 209 to the valvemechanism.` s

'I'he head 20| is provided with an extension 2|9, between the arms |91,and the'extension. 2|! is provided withl an elongated. slot4 2.|4'

. willstop.

through which the pin extends.I This conlstruction permitsindependentmovement ofthe valve' |95 and -pistonrod |90 withinreasonable previous rockingmovement oi the shaft 92 to restore the valve1| yto neutral ,position whereupon pressures will be balanced onopposite sides movement oi' the parts of the diaphragm Wand 'ljh'us itwill'be apparent that the diaphragm It iscaused to partakefoi movementto a degree. proportional to the degree oi' movement oi the handle 4I,the 4lever 49 and'its connections providing a follow-up action throughwhich the valve will energize the motor to cause it to move only so longas movementmt the handle-49 is.

. continued. Itf'also will be apparent that the limits during thevnormal operation of the apparatus. The eitension II is provided withup- 'standing arms .215 receiving a 4suitable element 2li connected toand forming' a part o! a lmanually operable mechanism through whichv thevalve assembly is operated.

The operation ot the form o! the invention speed oimovementoi thediaphragm Il will correspond to the speed of movement ot the hanf die4l. Any tendency ior the diaphragm" to move too rapidly will act in thesame manner as when the rmanual operation \oi the rod l4| is` stopped totend to restore the va1ve`1|=tdneutnl v,position and thus 'retard thesneed or operation ci the diaphragm I9. `Conversely. any tendency f forthe diaphragm I to lag behind operation of the handle 48 will cause thelever 49 to turn to a greater extent about the pivot 50 to open the`valve 1| to a greater extent, thus increasing the rate of evacuation ofone end of the motor to increase the speed of movement of the diaphragml5. Thus any desired extent of movement may be imparted to the crank 3land this crank may be moved at any desired speed wholly under thecontrol of the operator.

It will be apparent that the crank 31 and shaft 38 may be moved in acounter-clockwise direction by moving the handle 48 to the left asviewed in Figure l. This operation will turn the lever 49 in a clockwisedirection as viewed in Figure 2 thus reversing the previously describedoperation of the valve 1| by moving it downwardly from the neutralposition shown in Figure 5 to tion 23 will offer correspondingly slightresistance to movement of the handle 48 by the operator. On the otherhand, if the diaphragm I5 meets with greater resistance in turning thecrank 31 movement of the diaphragm will be retarded whereby a given rateof expansion of air from the left side of the motor will result in arapid drop in pressure, depending upon the degree of increasedresistance, and accordingly the pressure dierential on opposite sides ofthe diaphragm will increase and the diaphragm portion 23 will oifercorrespondingly increased remaintain the left hand end of the motor incom diaphragm I5 to the right as viewed in Figure 2 will cause the pivotpin 5U to move the lever d3 and cause the latter to ,swing slightly in acounter-clockwise direction "to restore the valve 'HI to neutralposition.

It is. obvious that differential pressures will affect the wholev of thediaphragm I5 to transmit force to the connecting rod 24 to perform thefunction of operating the crank 31. tral portion 23 of the diaphragm isconnected by the rod 6| and stem 68 to the circular head 55 and thishead is engaged by the forked lower end 58 of the lever 49. Aspreviously described, movement of the stem 4i toward the left as vviewedin Figure 2 results in movement of the diaphragm I5 in the same'direction and accordingly differential pressures acting on the portion23 of the diaphragm I5 will exert a force toward the left against theforks 58 ofthe lever 59, thus tending to oppose turning movement of thelever 49.

The force transmitted to the lower end of the l lever 49 to resistturning movement of this lever by the operator will be proportional tothe total force acting on the diaphragm I5 and this force in turn willbe proportional tothe resistance encountered by the motor in turning theshaft 38.

Differential pressures in the motor will depend upon the areas of theports 18 and 19 (Figure 5) which are uncovered by the valve and willalso depend upon the area of the'diaphragm I5 .and its rate of movementby which it tends to satisfy the partial vacuum created in one side ofthe lThe cenmotor.` The larea of the diaphragm being constant, it willbe apparent that if the valve is held in a given position' to one sideof its neutral position, differential pressures in the motor will varyin accordance with resistance to the movement of the diaphragm I5.

For example, assuming that the valve 'II occupies a position above theneutral position shown in Figure 5 to connect the left hand sidesistance-to movement of the handle 48 by the operator. Thus it will 'beapparent that the mechanism described provides the handle 48 with feel"whereby the operator may control the operationof the handle inaccordance with the resistance encountered by the motor. Thus theoperator is enabled to maintain turning `movement of the shaft 38perfectly under his control and accordingly the apparatus functions inthe same manner as if the operator manually turned the shaft 38 exceptthat the manual force required is materially reduced. As previouslystated, the opening 2| is forme in the plate I8 solely in order thatthis plate may be a duplicate of the plate I1 thus eliminating thenecessity for making separate plates. The openings 22 are formed in bothplates I1 and I8 so that either may be arranged toreceive the connectingrod 24 and still provide an opening communicating with the adjacent sideof the motor, The eye I3 is provided on the motor to permit the latterto alter its position in accordance with swinging movement of the crank3l. This eye obviously may be used where the element to be vactuatedpartakes of linear movement, or it may lie-eliminated and the motoranchored to a suitable support.

The lost motion between the reduced stem portion 54 (Figure '7) and thehead 55 permits the lever 49 and head 55 to move independently of Theoperation of the form of the invention shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 issimilar to the opleration of the form just described and need not bereferred to in detaiL Upon operation of the rod I5I by a. handle similarto the handle 48 connected thereto the lever |55 will be rocked on thepivot |56 carried by the arms |42 of the crosshead |4|, whereupon thevalve actuating rod H8 will move to connect the ports |I5 and II 6, tothe source of partial vacuum and the atmosphere, depending upon thedirection of movement of the rod IIB. If this rod is moved to the right,the land |2| will increase the degree of `communication between the portI|5 andthe atmosphere through ports |21 and passages |36 and |31, whilethe land |22 of the valve will uncover the port IIB to the vacuum` spacebetween the lands I2| and |22, this space being connected to the sourceof partial vacuum through passage |23 and through the flexible convolutehose |29. Under such conditions, the diaphragm IIlI will move toward theleft since air pressure will be present in the casing section '31 Whileair will be exhausted from the casing section 96.

the pivot |56 ltoward the left, which corresponds to the direction ofmovement being manually imparted to the rod |5|. ."Therefore, movementof the pin |56 toward the left under the conditions referred to tends toprevent any further turningr movement of the lever |5| about the pivot|56 and thus the head |32, crosshead |4| and the elements associatedtherewith will move bodily toward the left, the valve being carried inthe same direction and maintained out of neutral positions so long asmovement is imparted to the rod 5|.

When movement of the rod |5| is stopped, the pivot |53 becomesstationary. Acordingly slight further movement of the diaphragm andconnecting rod I0 toward the left will move-the pivot pin |56 to'turnthe lever |55 about the pivot |53. Thus the lower end of the lever willpull the valve actuating rod ||8 to the left until vthe valve ||1 isrestored to neutralposition to balance pressures on opposite sides ofthe diaphragm |0|. Movement of this diaphragm will then be arrestedpending subsequent movement of the rod |5| in either direction by theoperator. It will be apparent that the flexibility and shape of the hose|29 will permit free movement of the diaphragm |0I.

'I'he operation just described takes piace upon manual operation of therod |5| to move the valve actuating rod |8 toward the right. Aspreviously stated this operation exhausts air from the casing section96, which communicates with the chamber ||4, and admits air into thecasing section 91, which communicates with the chamber |05. Thus so longas the valve ||1 remains to the right of its neutral position as viewedin Figure 8 there will be a partial vacuum in the chamber ||4 andatmospheric pressure in the affecting the central diaphragm portion |02will urge the valve ||1 toward the left to provide the operator with thedesired feel in the manually operable handle. The resistance which theoperator feels to manual operation of the valve neutral position.- Thecentral portion |02 ofthe diaphragm is again utilized for resistingmanual operation'of the valve to afdegree proportional to resistanceencountered by the motor in turnv5 ing the crank |41. When the operatoreieots movement of the stemi |8 toward the left as described, airpressure in the chamber 4 while a partial vacuum is present in thechamber |05 will tend to move the central diaphragm por- 10 tion |02 tothe right to provide the desired resistance. As in the form of theinvention previously described a portion of the pressure responsivemember oi.' the motor is utilized for resisting movement of the valve ineither direction by the operator whereby the perfect follow-up action ofthe valve mechanism is accompanied by the highly desirable feel wherebythe direct manual operation of the lever |41 is simulated with asubstantialreduction in the amount of work which must be performed bythe operator.

The lost motion provided between the pin |34 and slot |40 is nevercompletely taken up during the normal operation of the device. In theevent of a failure in power in the motor, however, the operator may movethe rod |5| to turn the lever ,|55 in either direction to take up playbetween the pin |34 and slot |40, whereupon further manual movementofthe rod |5| will eifect bodily movement of this rod and the crosshead|4| to manually turn the lever 41.

35 piston-typemotor is employed. Moreover, since The operation of theform of the invention shown in Figures 11 tov 14 inclusive is quitesimilar tothe operation of' the device shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10except that a cylinder and no lever similar to the lever |55 is employedfor reversing the direction of movement of the valve to provide thenecessary follow-up action, there is a direct follow-up action providedbetween the valve and the ports of the connecting rod |65.

' chamber |05 and the differential pressures thus 45 mechanism willdepend directly upon diierenl described in connection with the form ofthe invention shown in Figures 1 to 7 inclusive.

The motor operates in a similar manner when the stem ||8 is manuallymoved to the left as viewed .in Figure 8. Under such conditions apartial vacuum will be lestablished in the casing section 91 while airis admitted to the casing section 96 and the diaphragm |0| and the portsconnected thereto `will move toward the right. This movement is utilizedin the manner previously described for moving the pivot pin |56 to ftendto move the valve actuating stem toward the right to provide ali'ollo'w-up action of the valve ||1 When manual operation of the rod|5|.is stopped slight additional movement of the diaphragm |10| to theright will move -the pivot pin |56 in the same direction and the lowerend ofthe lever will restore the valve ||1 to tions of the diaphragm |13which are arranged This construction requires a reversal of theapplication ofthe forces resisting manual movement of the valve and thisis accomplished by the use of the levers |82 as will become apparent.

Manual movement of the head 20| (Figure 11) to the right causes the land|89 to open the ports |95 to the atmosphere through the passage |93,port 209, passage 2|0 and the air cleaner 2|2. At the same time, theland |88 will increase com- 850 munication between the ports |94 and thesource of vacuum through the space between the lands |88 and |89,through the tubular rod |9|, port 204 and flexible hose 206. Air will beadmitted to the motor at the left side of the piston |64 as 5 viewed inFigure -11 and air will beexhausted from the right hand end of thecylinder. 'Movement'of the valve |85 to the right will thusbe followedby movement of the piston in the vsame direction and itrwill be obviousthat movement of the valve a given distance will be accompanied bymovement of the piston exactly the same distance to restore the valve toits ,neutral position and thus stop movement of the piston |64.

A portion of the piston is formedof the porin the openings |12. Underthe operating conditions described the partial vacuum in the right handend of the cylinder |6| and the atmospheric pressure in the left handend of the cylinder will move the piston |64 to the right and the samedifferential pressure will tend'to move the uncovered portions of thediaphragm |13 in the same direction. Thus the stems |80 will be 'imovedto the right to transmit a force through the pin |83 to tend to move theVvalve'l85 to- 8 ward the left'thus opposing movementof this valve tothe right by the operator.

Movement of the piston B4 to the left obviously I is accomplished bymanual movement of the valve |85 in the same direction to exhaust airfrom the left hand end of the cylinder |'6| and admit air to the righthand end thereof. Then it. will be apparent that the piston will partakeof movement exactly equal to the movement'of the valve |85 by theoperator, whereupon the neutral position of theI valve |85 will bere-established to stop the movementof the piston'. The same diierentialpressures which move the pist to the left will act against the uncoveredport ns of the diaphragm |13 to tend to move the -stems |80 to the leftand thus apply a force acting toward the right against the valve |85 tooppose movement thereof by the operator. Thus the operator will alwaysfeel a resistance against manual movement of the valve which will beproportionalto the resistance encountered by the piston |64 in turningthe crank |99 as described in connection with the other forms of theinvention.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that each form oftheinventionwill operate to pro-- vide 4a perfect follow-up valveoperation through which the pressure movable member of the motor willmovefa distance corresponding to the distance through which the operatormoves the manually operable handle. Moreover, a predetermined por-V tionof the area of the pressure movable element of the motor in each form ofthe invention is utilized for transmitting a reaction force to the valveto oppose movement thereby by the operator. The'force thus exertedagainst the valve will be only a portion of the force acting against thepressure movable element of the motor depending upon the portion of thearea of the pressure movable element which is utilized for this purpose.

As explained in connection with the form of the invention shown inFigures 1 to 'l' inclusive the resistance oiered against manualoperation of the valve in each-case willbe propor- Y tional todifferential pressures in the motor, winch,

intum, are proportional to the resistance encountered by the motor inmoving the element to be actuated. Therefore the resistance felt by theoperator likewise will be proportional to the resistance encountered bythe motorin movingI the :accordingly the "feel in the manually operablehandle is always accurate.

It is to be `understood -that the forms-of the invention herewith shownand described are to be taken as preferred examples of the same, and

' that variousl changes in the shape, size and arrangement ofparts maybeA resorted to without departingfromy the spirit of the invention orthe scope of the subjoined claims.

I claim:

' 1. In a manually controlled power mechanism, l

a diierential fluid pressure motor having a pressure movable memberthereinadapted'to be connected to a device vto ,be actuated, a controlvalve mechanism for said motor, a manually operable members having theirperipheral mechanism, lever means connecting said valve mechanism tosaidpressure movable member and to said manually operable mechanism )tocause `said valve mechanism'to partake ofI a follow-'up action wherebysaid pressure movable member will move to. an extent proportional tomovement of said 'manually operable mechanism, and means connected totransmitto said lever means forces exerted by diierential pressuresacting against a portion of the area of said-Pressure movable, niem, berto resist operation of said lever means by said manually controlledmechanism to an extent proportional to differential pressures aiectingsaid pressure movable member.

2. In a. manually controlled power mechanism.- a differential uidlpressure motor` having a pressure movable member therein adapted to becon-` nected to a. device to be actuated,.a control valve mechanism vforsaid motor, a manually operable mechanism, lever means connecting saidvalve mechanism to said pressure movable member and to said manuallyoperable mechanism-to cause said valve mechanism to partake of afollow-up action whereby said pressure movable member will move to anextent proportional to movement of said manually operable mechanism,saidpressure l movable member having a exible portion, and meansdirectly connecting such ilexible portion to said lever means to resistturning movement thereof by said manually operable mechanism inaccordance with differentialpressures affecting said flexible portion ofsaid pressure movablel member.

3. In a manually controlled power mechanism, a uid pressure motor havinga pressure movable diaphragm adapted to be connected to a device to beactuated, a control valve mechanism for said motor, a manually operablemechanism, lever means having mechanical connection with said valvemechanism, said diaphragm and said manually operable mechanism wherebysaid valve mechanism is caused to partake of'a follow-up actionto causesaid diaphragm tovmove to an extent proportional to movement of saidmanually operable mechanism, and a pair of cupped portions clampedagainst opposite sides of said diaphragm and forming with the portionofthe diaphragm within said members a pair of chambers respectivelycommunicating with the ends of said motor 0n opposite sides of saiddiaphragm, the portion of said diaphragm within said members havingmechanical connection with said lever means to resist movement thereofby said manually operdiaphragm.` I I 4. In a manually controlled powermechanism,

a differential fluid pressure motor having a casing and a pressuremovable unit therein movable in opposite directions, control valvemechanism, comprising a pair vof elements, for selectively connectingopposite endsof said motor toa source of pressure differential, a manualmechanismfor moving one 'valve element, the other valve element beingoperable 4by saidpressure movable unit whereby the latter partakes of afollow-up laction with respect to said manual mechanism in eitherVdirection of movement thereof, said pressure movable unit comprising arelatively rigid structure, ported to' cooperate with said valvemechanism tov-form the sole means whereby the latter controls pressuresin opposite ends of said motor, an annular exible diaphragmsectionjsecured at its inner edge to said rigid structure and at itsouter edgeto' said casing, and a secondv diaphragm section havingmechanical connection axially thereof with said iirst named valveelement, said rigid structure being ported whereby said second diaphragmsection is influenced by pressures affecting said an-v nular diaphragmsection to subject said ilrst named valve element to resistances againstmovement in either direction proportional to differential pressures insaid motor, said second named diaphragm section comprising'the solemeans for resisting movement of operable mechanism.

5. In a manually controlled power mechanism. a diierential iiuidpressure motor having a casing, a pressure movable unit therein, and atubular said manually piston rod connected to said unit, a control valvemechanismvfor selectively connecting opposite f ends oi said motor to asource of pressure differential, said valve mechanism. comprising amanually movable valve element slidablein said tubular piston rod andsaid tubular piston rod ends of said casing, an annular diaphragm havingit's inner edge arranged between said bodyand said cap and its outer`edge connectedeto said casing, a second diaphragm between saidybody andsaid cap connected to said valve element, said body and said cap beingported wherebysaid second diaphragm is influenced by pressures in therespective ends of .said casing, said second 20 diaphragm. comprisingythe sole means for resisting movement of said manual mechanism'.

' HENRY BAADE.

